A Review on the Criminology Theory in Understanding Cyber Violent Extremism (Cyber-VE)
Abstract
The Internet and social media are the most powerful tools used by extremists to spread violent extremism and ultimately, cause conflict. This issue become a global threat which giving a direct impact to Malaysia security. The threat of Cyber-VE is still on the rise and the existing counter do not seem to be reducing this attack. As criminology theory is a theory used to study about the causes of criminal behavior, therefore this research adopted this theory in order to explain and understand about Cyber-VE behavior. Several types of criminology theories are analyzed and the capability of criminology have been reviewed. From the analysis, two theories have been identified named Social Learning Theory and Space Transition Theory which consists of motive, method, tools, and medium components. By understanding Cyber-VE behavior, it will help to complement the existing mechanism in tracing Cyber-VE attack and develop any policy or framework in dealing with this attack.
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